Mainland Branch Income of a Free Zone Person: Worked Example (UAE)

A free zone holding company operates a mainland branch that distributes its products across the Emirates. The free zone head office earns AED 4,000,000 of qualifying income; the mainland branch earns AED 1,200,000 of taxable income.

Income attributable to a domestic permanent establishment, such as a mainland branch, is non-qualifying income. It is computed and taxed under the normal rules while the qualifying income keeps its 0% rate.

The branch therefore produces AED 74,250 of tax against the head office's nil.

Qualifying income of AED 4,000,000 is taxed at 0%. The mainland branch does not affect this treatment.

Branch income of AED 1,200,000 is non-qualifying: AED 1,200,000 minus AED 375,000 leaves AED 825,000 at 9%, which is AED 74,250.

For the complete rulebook behind these adjustments, see our guide to qualifying free zone persons.

Each step below carries its own arithmetic, so the full trail from the starting figure to the tax payable is visible.

A qualifying free zone person is taxed at 0% on qualifying income and at the normal rates on taxable income that is not qualifying income. The two streams are computed separately: qualifying income never touches the AED 375,000 threshold, and the threshold is applied to the non-qualifying stream on its own.

Qualifying status has hard conditions: free zone person status, adequate substance, qualifying income, transfer pricing compliance, audited financial statements, and the Cabinet decision's further conditions. Failing any one of them for the period loses the 0% rate entirely.

The de minimis rule polices the revenue mix: non-qualifying revenue must not exceed the lower of 5% of total revenue or AED 5,000,000. Breaching it by any margin forfeits qualifying status for the period, with no taper.

Income attributable to a mainland branch or other domestic permanent establishment is non-qualifying income. A branch does not taint the qualifying stream, but its own profits face the normal rate structure, and its revenue counts toward the de minimis test.

Transfer pricing compliance is a standalone qualifying condition, not just a pricing rule. A free zone company with perfect revenue ratios but no arm's length documentation for its related-party flows can fail the conditions and lose the 0% rate. The documentation burden is part of the price of the regime.

Substance matters too: the adequate-substance requirement means real people, real expenditure and real decision-making in the free zone. A brass-plate company routing mainland profits through a free zone address will fail the conditions long before the de minimis test is even reached.

The background rules are set out in our guide to corporate tax rates.

Blending the streams before applying the rates is the fundamental error. Qualifying and non-qualifying income must be separated first; only then do the 0% rate and the threshold each find their proper base.

Ignoring the de minimis ratio through the year is the second. Mainland contracts signed late in the year are the usual cause of breaches, and by then the 0% treatment for the whole period is already lost.

Assuming small business relief can shelter the non-qualifying stream is the third. Qualifying free zone persons are expressly excluded from the relief; the threshold is their only shelter for non-qualifying income.

A fourth mistake is treating the threshold as available against qualifying income. It is not needed there: qualifying income has its own 0% rate. The threshold belongs exclusively to the non-qualifying stream.

Our guide to exempt income covers the underlying provisions in more depth.

The return separates qualifying income from non-qualifying taxable income, applying 0% to the first and the normal rate bands to the second. The de minimis computation, non-qualifying revenue over total revenue against the lower of 5% and AED 5,000,000, should be worked and retained even where it is not a formal schedule.

Keep the audited financial statements, the substance evidence, the transfer pricing documentation and the revenue-ratio workings together: every qualifying condition must hold for the whole period, and the file should prove each one.

Where a mainland branch exists, keep the profit attribution workpapers showing how the branch's AED 1,200,000 was measured at arm's length. The branch figure is the non-qualifying stream, so its accuracy decides the tax.

Finally, re-test the qualifying conditions at each year-end, not just at setup. Substance, audited statements, transfer pricing documentation and the revenue ratio must all hold for the whole period, and a condition that lapses mid-year can cost the full year's 0% treatment.

This page works one computation end to end: the scenario sets out the starting figures, the adjustments section applies each tax correction with its article reference, and the step-by-step section shows every line of arithmetic. The key figures are collected here for quick reference.

Use this page as a template by replacing the scenario's numbers with your own while keeping the same adjustment logic: the method, the article references and the order of operations transfer directly to any similar computation.

When you adapt the template, re-check each adjustment against the current facts rather than copying the amounts. A fine that was non-deductible here might be breach-of-contract compensation there; entertainment is always halved but only genuine client entertainment belongs in that line; and exempt income must meet its article's conditions in your period, not just resemble last year's.

Pay particular attention to the order of operations when you reuse the method. Adjustments come first to reach taxable income, then loss relief and the interest limitation apply to that figure, and only then do the 0% and 9% rate bands divide it. Reordering these layers is the fastest way to turn a right method into a wrong answer.

Finally, keep the evidence behind every figure you substitute. The FTA tests computations from the documents outward: invoices behind expenses, dividend vouchers behind exempt income, valuations behind market-value adjustments, and assessments behind foreign tax credits. A template with good numbers and no evidence is only half a return.

Continue with these worked examples: worked example: qualifying logistics activity, worked example: free zone trading with the mainland, and worked example: free zone person failing the conditions. For the underlying rules, see our guides to qualifying free zone persons, corporate tax rates and exempt income.